Asteroid 40 Harmonia will be well placed, lying in the constellation Aquarius, well above the horizon for much of the night.
Regardless of your location on the Earth, 40 Harmonia will reach its highest point in the sky around midnight local time.
From Fairfield, it will be visible between 22:44 and 03:29. It will become accessible at around 22:44, when it rises to an altitude of 21° above your south-eastern horizon. It will reach its highest point in the sky at 01:07, 30° above your southern horizon. It will become inaccessible at around 03:29 when it sinks below 21° above your south-western horizon.
The geometry of the alignment
This optimal positioning occurs when it makes its closest approach to the point in the sky directly opposite to the Sun – an event termed opposition. Since the Sun reaches its greatest distance below the horizon at midnight, the point opposite to it is highest in the sky at the same time.
At around the same time that 40 Harmonia passes opposition, it also makes its closest approach to the Earth – termed its perigee – making it appear at its brightest in the night sky. This happens because when 40 Harmonia lies opposite to the Sun in the night sky, the solar system is lined up so that 40 Harmonia, the Earth and the Sun lie in a straight line with the Earth in the middle, on the same side of the Sun as 40 Harmonia.
On this occasion, 40 Harmonia will pass within 1.173 AU of us, reaching a peak brightness of magnitude 8.9. Nonetheless, even at its brightest, 40 Harmonia is a faint object beyond the reach of the naked eye; binoculars or a telescope of moderate aperture are needed.
Finding 40 Harmonia
The chart below indicates the path of 40 Harmonia across the sky around the time of opposition.
It was produced using StarCharter and is available for download, either on dark background, in PNG, PDF or SVG formats, or on a light background, in PNG, PDF or SVG formats.
The position of 40 Harmonia at the moment of opposition will be as follows:
| Object | Right Ascension | Declination | Constellation | Magnitude |
| Asteroid 40 Harmonia | 22h07m20s | 18°20'S | Aquarius | 8.9 |
The coordinates above are given in J2000.0.
The sky on 20 Aug 2031
| The sky on 20 August 2031 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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9% 2 days old |
All times shown in EDT.
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Source
The circumstances of this event were computed from orbital elements made available by Ted Bowell of the Lowell Observatory. The conversion to geocentric coordinates was performed using the position of the Earth recorded in the DE430 ephemeris published by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
The star chart above shows the positions and magnitudes of stars as they appear in the Tycho catalogue. The data was reduced by the author and plotted using PyXPlot. A gnomonic projection of the sky has been used; celestial coordinates are indicated in the J2000.0 coordinate system.
Image credit
© NASA/Galileo 1993. Pictured asteroid is 243 Ida.