Mars will reach the end of its retrograde motion, ending its westward movement through the constellations and returning to more usual eastward motion instead. This reversal of direction is a phenomenon that all the solar system's outer planets periodically undergo, a few months after they pass opposition.
The retrograde motion is caused by the Earth's own motion around the Sun. As the Earth circles the Sun, our perspective changes, and this causes the apparent positions of objects to move from side-to-side in the sky with a one-year period. This nodding motion is super-imposed on the planet's long-term eastward motion through the constellations.
The diagram below illustrates this. The grey dashed arrow shows the Earth's sight-line to the planet, and the diagram on the right shows the planet's apparently movement across the sky as seen from the Earth:
The retrograde motion of Mars.
Not drawn to scale.
1971 apparition of Mars
| 11 Jul 1971 | – | Mars enters retrograde motion |
| 10 Aug 1971 | – | Mars at opposition |
| 11 Aug 1971 | – | Mars at perigee |
| 09 Sep 1971 | – | Mars ends retrograde motion |
Observing Mars
Mars leaves retrograde motion as its 1971 apparition comes to an end, although it will remain visible for some weeks in the dusk sky.
Its celestial coordinates as it leaves retrograde motion will be:
| Object | Right Ascension | Declination | Constellation | Magnitude | Angular Size |
| Mars | 21h05m50s | 22°35'S | Capricornus | -2.3 | 21.8" |
The coordinates above are given in J2000.0.
From Cambridge , it will be visible in the evening sky, becoming accessible around 19:25 (EST), 11° above your south-eastern horizon, as dusk fades to darkness. It will then reach its highest point in the sky at 22:36, 25° above your southern horizon. It will continue to be observable until around 02:13, when it sinks below 7° above your south-western horizon.
Over the following weeks, Mars will reach its highest point in the sky four minutes earlier each night, gradually disappearing into evening twilight.
The panels below show the month-by-month change in Mars' apparent size in coming weeks, as it recedes from the Earth:
The table below lists Mars' angular size at brightness at two-week intervals throughout its apparition:
| Date | Angular size | Mag |
| 01 Jul 1971 | 19.3” | -1.9 |
| 15 Jul 1971 | 21.9” | -2.3 |
| 29 Jul 1971 | 24.1” | -2.7 |
| 12 Aug 1971 | 24.9” | -2.9 |
| 26 Aug 1971 | 24.0” | -2.6 |
| 09 Sep 1971 | 21.8” | -2.3 |
| 23 Sep 1971 | 19.2” | -1.9 |
| 07 Oct 1971 | 16.7” | -1.5 |
| 21 Oct 1971 | 14.5” | -1.1 |
| 04 Nov 1971 | 12.7” | -0.8 |
| 18 Nov 1971 | 11.1” | -0.4 |
The sky on 22 Nov 2024
| The sky on 22 November 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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45% 21 days old |
All times shown in EST.
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Source
The circumstances of this event were computed using the DE430 planetary ephemeris published by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
This event was automatically generated by searching the ephemeris for planetary alignments which are of interest to amateur astronomers, and the text above was generated based on an estimate of your location.
Related news
| 09 Sep 1971 | – Mars ends retrograde motion |
| 19 Sep 1973 | – Mars enters retrograde motion |
| 17 Oct 1973 | – Mars at perigee |
| 24 Oct 1973 | – Mars at opposition |
Image credit
© NASA/Hubble Space Telescope