Neptune will reach the end of its retrograde motion, ending its westward movement through the constellations and returning to more usual eastward motion instead. This reversal of direction is a phenomenon that all the solar system's outer planets periodically undergo, a few months after they pass opposition.
This motion was known to ancient observers, and it troubled them as they could not reconcile it with models in which the planets moved in uniform circular orbits around the Earth, as they believed.
The retrograde motion is caused by the Earth's own motion around the Sun. As the Earth circles the Sun, our perspective changes, and this causes the apparent positions of objects to move from side-to-side in the sky with a one-year period. This nodding motion is super-imposed on the planet's long-term eastward motion through the constellations.
The diagram below illustrates this. The grey dashed arrow shows the Earth's sight-line to the planet, and the diagram on the right shows the planet's apparently movement across the sky as seen from the Earth:
The retrograde motion of a planet in the outer solar system.
Not drawn to scale.
1984 apparition of Neptune
| 02 Apr 1984 | – | Neptune enters retrograde motion |
| 21 Jun 1984 | – | Neptune at opposition |
| 09 Sep 1984 | – | Neptune ends retrograde motion |
Observing Neptune
Neptune leaves retrograde motion as its 1984 apparition comes to an end, although it will remain visible for some weeks in the dusk sky.
Its celestial coordinates as it leaves retrograde motion will be:
| Object | Right Ascension | Declination | Constellation | Magnitude | Angular Size |
| Neptune | 17h55m00s | 22°15'S | Sagittarius | 7.9 | 2.3" |
The coordinates above are given in J2000.0.
From Cambridge , it will become visible at around 20:13 (EDT), 24° above your southern horizon, as dusk fades to darkness. It will then sink towards the horizon, setting at 23:58.
Over the following weeks, Neptune will reach its highest point in the sky four minutes earlier each night, gradually disappearing into evening twilight.
The sky on 18 Apr 2024
| The sky on 18 April 2024 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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80% 10 days old |
All times shown in EDT.
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Source
The circumstances of this event were computed using the DE430 planetary ephemeris published by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL).
This event was automatically generated by searching the ephemeris for planetary alignments which are of interest to amateur astronomers, and the text above was generated based on an estimate of your location.
Related news
| 09 Sep 1984 | – Neptune ends retrograde motion |
| 04 Apr 1985 | – Neptune enters retrograde motion |
| 23 Jun 1985 | – Neptune at opposition |
| 12 Sep 1985 | – Neptune ends retrograde motion |
Image credit
© NASA/Voyager 2