Comet 21P/Giacobini-Zinner will make its closest approach to the Sun on 25 March, at a distance of 1.01 AU.

From Cambridge on the day of perihelion it will not be readily observable since it will be very close to the Sun, at a separation of only 3° from it.

The events that comprise the 2025 apparition of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner are as follows:

The table below lists the times when 21P/Giacobini-Zinner will be visible from Cambridge day-by-day through its apparition:

A more detailed table of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner's position on each night is available here. A diagram of the orbit of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner is available here.

Finder chart

The chart below shows the path of 21P/Giacobini-Zinner over the course of its apparition, as calculated from the orbital elements published by the Minor Planet Center (MPC). It is available for download, either on dark background, in PNG, PDF or SVG formats, or on a light background, in PNG, PDF or SVG formats. It was produced using StarCharter.

Click to expand »

Comet brightnesses

Comets are intrinsically highly unpredictable objects, since their brightness depends on the scattering of sunlight from dust particles in the comet's coma and tail. This dust is continually streaming away from the comet's nucleus, and its density at any particular time is governed by the rate of sublimation of the ice in the comet's nucleus, as it is heated by the Sun's rays. It also depends on the amount of dust that is mixed in with that ice. This is very difficult to predict in advance, and can be highly variable even between successive apparitions of the same comet.

In consequence, while the future positions of comets are usually known with a high degree of confidence, their future brightnesses are not. For most comets, we do not publish any magnitude estimates at all. For the few comets where we do make estimates, we generally prefer the BAA's magnitude parameters to those published by the Minor Planet Center, since they are typically updated more often.

Based on the magnitude parameters published for this comet by the BAA Comet Section, we estimate that it may be around mag 11 on 25 March 2025. This estimate is based on observations that the BAA has received from amateur astronomers, assuming that its current level of activity will remain constant.

You will probably require a telescope to see this comet. It is unlikely to be visible through bird-watching binoculars, and even less likely to be visible to the unaided eye.

The comet's position at perihelion will be:

The coordinates are given in J2000.0.

The sky on 25 Mar 2025

Warning

Never attempt to point a pair of binoculars or a telescope at an object close to the Sun. Doing so may result in immediate and permanent blindness.

Source

This event was automatically generated on the basis of orbital elements published by the Minor Planet Center (MPC) , and is updated whenever new elements become available. It was last updated on 13 Oct 2024.

Image credit

© Andy Roberts 1997. Pictured comet is C/1995 O1 Hale-Bopp.

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